Damage Categories.
Edit: Got corrected by virusdancer, and have moved Naussican into the correct category, and also renamed it to Pirate, for clarity.
Buffs to damage in sto aren’t all straight additive – there’s ‘tiers’ of damage buffs. This is the answer to the question of how the obelisk 2-set (+10% antiproton damage) is more damage than a fleet warp core with 4 [AMP] procs.
Modifiers stack additively within a category and multiplicatively across categories.
This is one of the greatest lines I’ve come across at explaining this, so I’ll include it here.
(also, for reference, 2pc means the set bonus you get for having 2 items from that set equipped)
Category 1
Rarity/Quality
Mark
Starship Weapon Training
Starship Energy Weapons
Starship Projectile Weapons
Omega Weapon Training
Tactical Team
Tactical Consoles
2pc Romulan Singularity Harness
Romulan Sci [Pla]
2pc Protonic Arsenal
2pc Temporal Warfare
2pc Nukara Appropriated Munitions
2pc Silent Enemy
2pc Apex Predator
Rule 62 console
2pc Klingon Honor Guard/Adapted MACO
2pc Jem’Hadar
2pc Breen Absolute Zero
Exocomp (Maintinence Engineer for bonus buffs on batteries)
[AMP]
Warfare Specialists
Category 1.5
Weapons Power
Category 2 Ambush (decloak bonus)
Attack Pattern Alpha
Attack Pattern Omega
Emergency Power to Weapons
2pc T’varo
2pc Ancient Obelisk Technology
2pc Counter-Command Ordanance
Auxiliary Power Configuration – Offense
Critical Severity
Nukara Strikeforce Technologies 2-set (theorized)
Naussican (bridge officer trait)
Pirate
Category 3
Beam Fire at Will
Beam Overload
Cannon Rapid Fire
Cannon Scatter Volley
Torpedo High Yield
Torpedo Spread
Surgical Strikes
Category 4
Sensor Analysis (theorized)
EDIT: Renamed Weapons power to Cat 1.5, to standardize the naming system with outside sources.
So, you start with your tooltip dps. Then, you multiply that number by the sum of your category 1 buffs, multiply that by the sum of your category 2 buffs, multiply that by the sum of your cat 3 buffs, multiply by the sum of your cat 4 buffs, and multiply that by the sum of your cat 5 buffs.
So say you have 4 tactical consoles, and they’re all 25% antiproton damage (and your only weapon is the omni-ap beams). And you also have the obelisk warp core and ap-omni beam slotted. We’re gonna say you have 100 weapons power, and for sake or argument, that the omni-ap beam’s base damage is 100 (dps of 80). So you take that base shot of 100, multiply it by 2 (a 100% category 1 buff), multiply that number by 2 (weapons power of 100), and that number by 1.1 (obelisk 2-set), for a total of 440 damage.
For an interesting math experiment, say you have all 4 amp procs on an amp warp core, but everything else is the same.
So you take that base shot of 100, multiply it by 2.132 (a 100% category 1 buff and a 14.3% category 1 buff) and multiply that number by 2 (weapons power of 100). That’s a total of 426.4 damage. So even though the AMP core looks better than the obelisk 2-set, because of how the math is done, it’s worse.